Watch any single dot. Is it circling? Does each dot trace a circle? "pendown" to see path each dot traces. Press "add 9th dot" for a further clue. Spacebar for spirograph toy version. Try varying ratio. Change ratio rotation to circling for different patterns. "e" to erase. Flag resets to illusion.
Each individual dot is moving in a straight line, when ratio of rotation to circling = 1. But the entire circle of dots is itself moving in a circular path. Press "add 9th dot" & change penup to pendown to see. The group of dots make up a circle that is rotating and also that entire circle of dots is moving in a circle. Spacebar for spirograph toy with pen off-center, then vary the ratio for different patterns. (I did the spirograph toy about 10 months ago)