IMPORTANT: This does not work for negative numbers. here is how it works: *if the number is even, it is divided by 2 *if the number is odd, it is multiplied by 3, and 1 is added to the product. The beauty in this is that the number always comes back to 4-2-1 loop
originally discovered by Lothar Collatz inspired by Veritasium's video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=094y1Z2wpJg&t) about this topic
