When you poke a hole, the light from above can only go down into the hole. Same thing with the bottom. That's how you get an inverted image, and how your sight starts upside down! Pretty cool!
Cardboard tube picture: https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/580796 Check out this cool stop motion vid imacat made! Tin foil: https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/96082091 Check out this weird al song video made by a scratcher! Wax paper: made by me