This let's you see the temperature of a planet with no atmosphere. You can change the incoming energy (Total Solar Irradience), the energy reflected away (albedo), and the water depth, and see what impact each has on the planetary temperature. The planet starts at 0 Kelvin. Change in temperature at each frame is determined by heat in (from the sun) minus heat radiated out. The hotter the planet is, the more heat it radiates into space. Eventually it radiates as much heat into space as it receives from the sun and the temperature stabilizes. At this point the planet is in equilibrium. Albedo is the reflectivity of the planet surface. A very icy planet will have a high albedo. The higher the albedo the more energy is reflected back into space and the less energy is absorbed by the planet. Total Solar irradiance is the energy coming from the sun. Water depth determines the heat capacity of the planet. The average temperature of the Earth is about 288 Kelvin (15C). This atmosphereless water world stabilizes at about 254 Kelvin (-19C), even with Earth analogous values for Albedo, TSI, etc. At that temperature we should expect the ocean to freeze, which would increase albedo (Ice is very reflective). This would make the planet even colder as more of the suns energy would be reflected back into space. Luckily we don't live on this planet!
https://www.coursera.org/learn/global-warming
